One of the most pernicious obstacles to Right to Repair is “parts pairing,” when manufacturers (including Apple) lock out new spare parts with software. Parts pairing gives the manufacturer the ability to discourage, or even outright prevent, certain parts from being swapped, even with manufacturer-original replacements.
It's harder than it should be to fix our stuff. Manufacturers of every electronic product from toasters to tractors create barriers that stymie repair from owners or independent repair businesses. It's fueling a rise in electronic waste, the loss of independent repair businesses -- and ultimately more cost and more waste for consumers.