{"id":5754,"date":"2024-09-11T07:43:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T11:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pirg.org\/newhampshire\/resources\/accidents-waiting-to-happen-hazardous-materials-by-rail\/"},"modified":"2024-10-01T11:56:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T15:56:52","slug":"accidents-waiting-to-happen-hazardous-materials-by-rail","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/pirg.org\/newhampshire\/resources\/accidents-waiting-to-happen-hazardous-materials-by-rail\/","title":{"rendered":"Accidents Waiting to Happen: Hazardous Materials by Rail"},"featured_media":54465,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":false,"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":""},"campaign_tax":[],"display_option":[],"issue_tax":[],"resource_type":[],"region_tax":[],"state":[2],"topic_tax":[141,143],"class_list":["post-5754","resource","type-resource","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"details":{"helper_taxonomies":{"topics":[141,143],"collection":false,"press_type":false,"person_type":false,"resource_type":false,"event_type":false,"campaigns":false,"department":false,"level":false,"states":[2],"act_option":false,"display_option":false,"primary":{"topic":141}},"subtitle":"","excerpt":"Rail lines carrying hazardous material frequently cross or travel alongside vulnerable rivers and streams, creating the risk of severe damage to waterways in the event of accidents.","featured_image":54465,"caption_override":"","updated_on":null,"sidebar_action":"","related_event":"","hide_hero_image":false,"location":"internal","external_link":{"publication_name":"","url":""},"file":null,"sidebar_action_query_string":""},"helper_people_group":{"title":"Authors","entities":[{"type":"dynamic","dynamic_person":{"site":3,"people":"99"},"information":{"name":"","image":null,"role":"","biography":"","contact":{"twitter":"","facebook":"","email":"","phone":""}}},{"type":"dynamic","dynamic_person":{"site":15,"people":"6115"},"information":{"name":"","image":null,"role":"","biography":"","contact":{"twitter":"","facebook":"","email":"","phone":""}}}]},"helper_downloads":{"title":"Downloads","files":null},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Nearly a billion tons of hazardous materials are transported annually across the country by <\/span>pipeline<\/span><\/a>, highway and freight rail, posing risks to the environment and public health. Rail lines carrying hazardous material frequently cross or travel alongside vulnerable rivers and streams, creating the risk of severe damage to waterways in the event of accidents, such as the 2023 train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio, which resulted in hazardous chemicals being spilled into nearby waterways.<\/span>\r\n

Nearly a billion tons of hazardous materials are transported by rail in the U.S. each year<\/span><\/h2>\r\nNearly a <\/span>billion tons of hazardous materials<\/span><\/a> are carried across<\/span> 140,000 miles of freight railroads<\/span><\/a> in the United States each year.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nTrains carrying toxic chemicals can endanger our waterways because trains <\/span>frequently derail<\/span><\/a>, which can <\/span>result in spills of toxic materials<\/span><\/a>. In 2022, railroad derailments caused one quarter<\/span> of all hazardous material accidents<\/span><\/a> nationwide, with hazardous materials being released in 172 derailments over the past decade.<\/span>","":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_large_image","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_large_image":{"width":"wide","image":54466,"caption_override":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Oil trains put waterways at risk<\/span><\/h2>\r\nThe transport of oil by rail poses a particularly serious risk. In 2023, more than <\/span>4 billion gallons of crude oil<\/span><\/a> were transported by rail in the U.S.<\/span>\r\n\r\nOil is <\/span>harmful to wildlife<\/span><\/a>, both because of the toxicity of its chemical components and the physical effects of oil contamination, such as the coating of animals\u2019 fur or feathers. Crude oil <\/span>contains carcinogens such as benzene<\/span><\/a> that pose long-term threats to human health. Different types of oil pose <\/span>particular hazards<\/span><\/a>: Crude oil from North Dakota\u2019s Bakken Shale is <\/span>relatively light<\/span><\/a>, spreads quickly, can coat shorelines and penetrates into soil, while bitumen from Canada\u2019s tar sands <\/span>can sink<\/span><\/a> once spilled into waterways, making cleanup more difficult.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn June 2023, a train carrying hot asphalt and four cars carrying molten sulfur, which are both by-products of petroleum, <\/span>derailed into the Yellowstone River<\/span><\/a> in Montana. <\/span>500,000 pounds of hot asphalt<\/span><\/a> spilled, eventually entrapping and <\/span>killing several animals<\/span><\/a>. Asphalt was found <\/span>110 miles downstream<\/span><\/a> of the spill. <\/span>Elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons<\/span><\/a>, a toxic component of oil, were also reported in fish months after the spill.<\/span>\r\n\r\nDespite these risks, oil companies\u2019 desire to drill in new areas is leading to proposals for new routes to ship oil by rail. A proposed<\/span> new railway<\/span><\/a> in Utah, for example, would carry thick crude from the Uinta Basin to an existing freight railway that runs alongside the Colorado River for hundreds of miles.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_54467\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1024\"]\"Map Rail accidents with hazardous material spills since the beginning of 2020 (source information below)[\/caption]","":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Hazardous material spills from trains are common<\/span><\/h2>\r\nIn 2022, rail operators reported <\/span>337 leaks or spills<\/span><\/a> of hazardous materials, including crude oil, from all causes. Since the beginning of 2020, there have been at least 54 rail accidents involving hazardous material spills \u2013 most of them derailments. (See map above.)\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nChemical spills from trains can cause fish kills and other <\/span>harms to wildlife<\/span><\/a>, and harm human health.<\/span>\r\n

Spills of plastic pellets also threaten waterways<\/span><\/h2>\r\nAnother threat to waterways from train spills is <\/span>plastic pellets<\/span><\/a>, which are raw forms of plastic often transported by rail to sites that manufacture plastic products. Spills of plastic pellets can <\/span>hurt wildlife<\/span><\/a> by blocking their gastrointestinal tracts. When left in waterways, pellets can <\/span>absorb toxins<\/span><\/a> such as dioxins in water before bioaccumulating in the marine food web and human diet. In addition, when dispersed into waterways, <\/span>plastic pellets are difficult to clean up<\/span><\/a>. For example, in a plastic pellet spill in the Mississippi River, an estimated <\/span>75% of the 743 million pellets<\/span><\/a> spilled may have been swept downstream in just a few weeks.<\/span>\r\n\r\nPlastic pellet spills from trains occur frequently across the U.S. In September 2023, <\/span>millions of plastic pellets spilled from a derailed train less than a half-mile from a branch of the Anacostia River<\/span><\/a> in Hyattsville, Md., just outside Washington, D.C. In February 2024, a train derailment <\/span>spilled plastic pellets into the Hoosic River<\/span><\/a> in New York State, which were carried up to <\/span>20 miles downstream<\/span><\/a>. Weeks later, the extensive cleanup had <\/span>still not been completed<\/span><\/a>. In March 2024, three railcars <\/span>spilled diesel fuel and pellets into Pennsylvania\u2019s Lehigh River<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\r\n

Threat spotlight: Toxic train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio<\/span><\/h2>\r\nIn February 2023, a train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio, involved 53 cars, of which <\/span>20 contained hazardous materials<\/span><\/a> such as vinyl chloride, ethylene glycol, ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and isobutylene. In total, <\/span>over a million pounds<\/span><\/a> of these chemicals spilled into the soil, air and water, including nearby creeks and streams.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nA total of <\/span>44 million gallons of contaminated water<\/span><\/a> were removed from the area during the months-long cleanup process. Still, a year after the derailment, Sulphur Run, a stream running through the middle of East Palestine, remained contaminated, with <\/span>oil sheening found in almost 70% of the stream<\/span><\/a>. In total, <\/span>43,000 fish and animals<\/span><\/a> within a 5-mile radius were killed in the weeks following the spill.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe spilled hazardous materials also had impacts on human health. According to <\/span>a government survey<\/span><\/a>, 45% of local residents believed they were exposed to hazardous substances in water. <\/span>Vinyl chloride<\/span><\/a>, in particular, is used to make PVC and is a known carcinogen. Reports from local residents of health problems <\/span>persisting a year later<\/span><\/a> highlighted a lack of research on the other involved chemicals.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n

Protect American waterways from damaging spills<\/span><\/h2>\r\nTrains carrying hazardous materials, including oil, and environmentally damaging cargo, such as plastic pellets, put America\u2019s streams and rivers at risk, but it doesn\u2019t have to be that way. Policymakers have several options to protect our waterways from all types of catastrophic accidents. Policymakers should work to:<\/span>\r\n\r\nReduce the use of materials that pose threats to waterways \u2013 including oil, toxic chemicals and plastic pellets. <\/b>The best way to prevent toxic spills is to reduce the need to transport dangerous materials in the first place.<\/span>\r\n\r\nImprove rail safety. <\/b>Require the expedited replacement of <\/span>outdated rail cars that pose safety risks<\/span><\/a> with newer, safer cars. Boost inspections of rail cars and tracks and commit to strong enforcement of safety rules with <\/span>appropriate penalties <\/span><\/a>for violations.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nGuarantee the public\u2019s right to know about hazardous materials moving through their communities <\/b>and improve communication with first responders.<\/span>\r\n\r\nPrevent the construction of new railways primarily intended to carry oil trains.<\/b>\r\n

To find out more<\/span><\/h2>\r\nFor a national map showing the density and impact of train derailments, visit the <\/span>National League of Cities<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\r\n\r\nTo see water and soil monitoring following the derailment in East Palestine, look at the <\/span>interactive map <\/span><\/a>from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.<\/span>\r\n\r\nFrontier Group intern Hailey Seo contributed to this resource.<\/strong><\/em>\r\n\r\nRail accidents map source information:<\/strong> <\/span>\u00a0Map includes rail accidents (excluding those at grade crossings) that spilled hazardous materials. Data: U.S. Federal Railroad Administration, <\/span>Rail Equipment Accident\/Incident Data (Form 54) Subset - Unique Train Accidents (not at grade crossings)<\/span><\/i>, downloaded from <\/span>https:\/\/railroads.dot.gov\/safety-data\/accident-and-incident-reporting\/accidentincident-dashboards-data-downloads<\/span><\/a>, August 5, 2024. Includes accidents from beginning of 2020 to end of reporting (August 4, 2024) that included at least one rail car that released hazardous materials. <\/span>","":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_featured_action","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_featured_action":{"action":"","action_query_string":""}}],"site_specific_content":""},"yoast_head":"\nAccidents Waiting to Happen: Hazardous Materials by Rail<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rail lines carrying hazardous material frequently cross or travel alongside vulnerable rivers and streams, creating the risk of severe damage to waterways in the event of accidents.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pirg.org\/newhampshire\/resources\/accidents-waiting-to-happen-hazardous-materials-by-rail\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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