How to handle airline woes, from cancellations to refunds to lost bags

For nearly three years, airline travel has been a huge source of stress. We had understandable cancellations during the early months of the pandemic in 2020, when most people didn’t want to fly anyway. But getting those legally mandatory refunds was a major headache for many travelers.

Then in 2021, we saw airline schedules disrupted by staff shortages caused by buyouts, retirements and, sometimes, employees with COVID. Last year, Americans were ready to edge back to normalcy but the airlines weren’t, in many cases. Almost every major holiday or busy travel period saw massive cancellations and delays, even on perfectly calm, sunny days.

Most recently, Christmas weekend 2022 was a nightmare for millions of families who were expecting to get together for the holidays for the first time since 2019. A nasty winter storm, poor planning by many airlines and a meltdown by Southwest in particular led to many travelers spending the holiday weekend sleeping on the floor in airport terminals. Consumer advocates hope there’s a silver lining of that disastrous weekend: Reform in the works for years may finally become reality.

While we’re waiting for those much-needed changes, here are links to things you should know and steps you can take:

Tips before you book that flight, at the airport and if you have a problem.

Learn how to get a refund when the airline cancels your flight for any reason.

Understand how credits and vouchers work for the 10 largest airlines.

Know how to file a complaint with the DOT.